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Compare Spratly Islands (2008) - Saint Helena (2001)

Compare Spratly Islands (2008) z Saint Helena (2001)

 Spratly Islands (2008)Saint Helena (2001)
 Spratly IslandsSaint Helena
Administrative divisions - 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure - 0-14 years:
19.08% (male 699; female 687)

15-64 years:
71.72% (male 2,711; female 2,500)

65 years and over:
9.2% (male 286; female 383) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports 3 (2007) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)		 total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)		 -
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total:
410 sq km

land:
410 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative NA slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, St. Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate - 13.49 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$11.2 million

expenditures:
$11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)
Capital - Jamestown
Climate tropical Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline 926 km 60 km
Constitution - 1 January 1989
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Saint Helena
Currency - Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Death rate - 6.33 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands none
Economic aid - recipient - $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption - 5.6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups - African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates - Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch - chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:
Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports - $704,000 (f.o.b., 1995)
Exports - commodities - fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners - South Africa, UK
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP - purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Heliports 3 (2007) -
Highways - total:
158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

paved:
138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

unpaved:
NA km 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $14.434 million (c.i.f., 1995)
Imports - commodities - food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners - UK, South Africa
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate - 22.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation - ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force - 3,500 (1998 est.)

note:
1,200 of whom are working offshore
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)		 arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
82% (1993 est.)
Languages - English
Legal system - NA
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Council (15 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 July 1997 (next to be held NA August 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
77.01 years

male:
74.13 years

female:
80.04 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 20 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
97%

female:
98% (1987 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about mid-way between South America and Africa
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims NA exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday - Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality - noun:
Saint Helenian(s)

adjective:
Saint Helenian
Natural hazards typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential fish
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - none
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states		 7,266 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.72% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 3,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.08 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - NA years of age
Telephone system - general assessment:
can communicate with any place in the world

domestic:
automatic network

international:
HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 0 (1997)
Terrain flat Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains

note:
the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate - 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 14% (1998 est.)
Waterways - none
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